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- <text id=90TT3439>
- <title>
- Dec. 24, 1990: Red Alert On Red Meat
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 24, 1990 What Is Kuwait?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 70
- Red Alert on Red Meat
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The link between high-fat diets and colon cancer gets stronger
- </p>
- <p> With each new dietary study, eating seems to become less of
- a joyful experience and more of a risky business. The latest
- word follows that depressing pattern: researchers announced
- that the chances of developing colon cancer appear to rise
- almost in direct proportion to the amount of red meat and
- animal fat that people consume. That left fearful Americans
- grappling with the question: Is it wise to eat any red meat at
- all?
- </p>
- <p> Reporting in the New England Journal of Medicine, Harvard
- scientists found that women who had beef, lamb or pork as a
- daily main dish ran 2 1/2 times the risk of developing colon
- cancer as did those who ate the meats less than once a month.
- One surprise: eating dairy products, which also tend to be high
- in animal fats, did not appear to increase the disease risk.
- The conclusions are drawn from a study of 88,751 nurses that
- was begun in 1980. The women filled out diet and medical
- questionnaires and were resurveyed at intervals over the next
- six years; 150 of the nurses developed colon cancer. The
- researchers believe their findings apply to men as well, though
- confirmation awaits the results of a parallel study.
- </p>
- <p> The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be
- 155,000 new cases of colon cancer this year and almost 61,000
- deaths from the disease, making it second only to lung cancer
- among fatal malignancies. Diets high in fat and low in fiber
- from fruits and vegetables have long been implicated in the
- disease. One clue: the ailment becomes more common among people
- as they emigrate from countries, like Japan, where meat
- consumption is low, to the U.S., where meat is a staple.
- Scientists speculate that bile acids produced by the liver to
- help digest fats can damage the intestine. Another theory is
- that red meat may contain cancer-triggering chemicals.
- </p>
- <p> The women in the study got about 37% of their daily calories
- from fat, the average for the general population these days.
- Federal dietary guidelines recommend reducing fat to no more
- than 30% of calories. In particular, people are urged to eat
- less red meat and more main courses lower in fat, such as
- chicken and fish. The merits of such a plan were borne out in
- the Harvard study: the more poultry and fish in the nurses'
- diet, the lower their chances of getting colon cancer. Women
- who consumed skinless chicken two or more times a week had half
- the risk of those who ate it less than once a month. "The less
- red meat the better," says Dr. Walter Willett, professor of
- epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard School of Public
- Health, who directed the study. "At most, it should be eaten
- only occasionally. And it may be maximally effective not to eat
- red meat at all."
- </p>
- <p> To many, Willett's words sound like a call to vegetarianism.
- The meat industry, which has watched sales slip as health
- consciousness has climbed, was particularly incensed.
- Nutritionist David Hurt of the National Livestock and Meat
- Board points out that the study does not demonstrate cause and
- effect, and that cattle and pigs increasingly are being bred
- to produce less fatty meat. "Beef is 27% leaner than it was in
- 1986 and pork 31%," he observes.
- </p>
- <p> More disinterested experts also object to proscribing meat.
- The picture on diet and colon cancer is still very murky, they
- contend. Moreover, small amounts of lean meat can be very
- nutritious. "Meat is the single richest source of iron and zinc
- and contributes significant amounts of vitamins," says Mary
- Abbott Hess, a registered dietitian and president of the
- American Dietetic Association. "Women consume relatively few
- calories compared with men. And eliminating meat means that
- they'll have a hard time getting those nutrients elsewhere."
- Dr. Peter Greenwald, director of cancer prevention and control
- at the National Cancer Institute, agrees: "It's a good and
- important study, but it's going beyond the data to recommend
- becoming a vegetarian." The word for now remains cut back, not
- cut out.
- </p>
- <p>By Anastasia Toufexis.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-